There are several types of compression stocking. These include:

Circular knit stockings

These stockings are available in cotton and nylon yarn. The modern stockings use elastane as opposed to rubber and are cosmetically more acceptable. A disadvantage with these stockings is a lack of stretch. This makes them very difficult to put on particularly for the elderly client.

Flat bed knit stockings

These can be obtained in cotton, nylon, and nylon-plated varieties. The nylon-plated variety are the most durable, whilst the nylon has the least ankle pressure, and the cotton can be the most comfortable. These stockings are made from welt to toe and have a fashioning line down the back. They tend to be more flexible than circular knit stockings and are easier to put on and take off. Therefore, they may be more preferable for people with swollen legs, those with arthritis, and the elderly. Flat bed knit stockings are only available as a made-to-measure item on prescription only.

Net stockings

These types of stockings are often the least cosmetically acceptable. They are made out of a net fabric and seamed. Net stockings are also only available as a made-to-measure item.

One – way stretch stockings (Class 111 only)

These stockings are made to measure in a very heavy circular machine knit. They are seamless apart from the finishing at the toe and the heel.

Style of compression hosiery

Thigh length, below knee stockings, socks and tights are all styles of compression hosiery available. Each item conforms to the British Standard Compression requirement and come in made to measure and standard sizes. Manufacturers also offer different combinations of colour and open or closed heels or toes.

The selection of compression hosiery

The style of stocking should be determined in the initial assessment. A number of factors influence the type and style of stocking selected. These include:

• The client’s age.
• The dexterity of the client
• Whether or not the client is disabled.
• The condition of the client’s skin.
• The appearance of the stocking.
• The type of hosiery the client normally wears and the mode of suspension.

An important point that must be considered is the dexterity of the client. Although clients may be used to applying thigh length stockings, they may find it impossible to manipulate the stiffer compression stocking. Below knee compression hosiery is usually sufficient for prophylactic use. These stockings are easier to apply correctly, particularly stockings with open toes, and so patients are more encouraged to wear them. Furthermore, stockings or tights may also be worn on top. It is important that clients are warned about constricting bands developing around the leg if used with garters or a knot twisted in the top of the stocking.

If the client’s leg circumference below the knee is larger than the calf, they may experience problems keeping below knee stockings up. In these instances, made to measure stockings may be necessary.

Measuring for elastic hosiery

It is important to measure the client’s leg following leg elevation, or early in the day, to minimise the effects of oedema.

For standard sized knee stockings, the following measurements must be taken:

• The ankle circumference of the client at the thinnest point.
• The calf circumference at the widest point.
• The below knee length.
• If the client requires thigh length standard stockings, the measurements are the same as for below knee stockings, but also include the mid-thigh circumference and leg length.

Made-to-measure hosiery

If standard hosiery does not fit the client, they will need made-to- measure garments. The manufacturers of this hosiery require precise measurements (see Figure 4). Measurements must be taken systematically from the top to the bottom of the leg. Measurements around the heel should not be forgotten, as this is the widest point of the foot over which the stocking has to pass.

Prescribing elastic hosiery

Before the prescription for elastic hosiery can be dispensed, the following details must be provided by the prescriber: